This section focuses on the language layer of the quantum software stack.

Frameworks and SDKs (the previous section) are libraries embedded in a host language such as Python; this section is about quantum programming languages proper — the OpenQASM intermediate representation that circuits compile down to, the high-level languages with dedicated quantum semantics, and the design questions, such as enforcing no-cloning through the type system, that those languages must answer.

Use the sequence below as the local map for this section.

Sequence